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Roofing Terms to Know
Roofing conversations come with their own vocabulary. Here are some of the terms you are most likely to hear when discussing an inspection, repair or roof replacement.
| Roofing Term | What It Means |
|---|---|
| Decking (Sheathing) | The wood layer fastened to your roof’s frame that everything else, underlayment, shingles, flashing, gets attached to. |
| Drip Edge | A thin strip of metal installed along the roof’s edges that directs water into the gutters instead of behind them. |
| EPDM | A synthetic rubber roofing membrane used on flat and low-slope roofs. Common on additions, garages and commercial buildings. |
| Fascia | The horizontal board that runs along the edge of the roofline, usually where gutters are mounted. |
| Flashing | Thin metal installed around chimneys, vents and valleys to seal the joints where water is most likely to get in. |
| Granule Loss | Small mineral granules shedding from asphalt shingles as they age. Heavy loss in gutters can signal a shingle nearing the end of its life. |
| Hip Roof vs. Gable Roof | A gable roof has two sloped sides meeting at a ridge with triangular ends. A hip roof slopes on all four sides and sheds snow well. |
| Ice Dam | A ridge of ice at the roof’s edge, usually caused by attic heat melting snow that refreezes lower down. Ice dams can force water back under shingles, especially if water is allowed to pond on the roof. |
| Ridge Vent | A vent that runs along the peak of the roof to let hot, moist attic air escape. It works with soffit vents to keep airflow moving. |
| Soffit | The underside of the roof overhang, usually where intake vents are located to bring fresh air into the attic. |
| Underlayment | A water-resistant layer installed between the decking and the shingles as a backup barrier against leaks. |
| Valley | Where two roof slopes meet at an angle, directing water down toward the gutters. Valleys see more water flow than flat sections and need extra attention during installation. |
| Architectural vs. 3-Tab Shingles | Architectural shingles are thicker, layered and dimensional. 3-tab shingles are flatter and thinner. Architectural shingles generally hold up better in wind and snow load. |
| GAF Master Elite | GAF’s top-tier contractor certification, held by roughly the top 2% of roofers in the country. Empire Roofing holds this certification. |
Still Have Questions?
Every roof and every situation is a little different. If you didn’t find your answer here, give us a call and we’ll talk it through.
Roofing Questions & Answers
How long should a roof last in Duluth’s climate?
A new asphalt shingle roof should last between 25-35 years in this climate. Although most shingles carry a 50 year warranty the Duluth climate can cause extreme wear & tear to the roof due to vast temperature changes.
When do I need a new roof?
A few signs point to replacement rather than repair: shingles that are curling, cracking, or missing granules across large sections, daylight visible through the roof deck, or repeated leaks in different spots after storms. If the damage is limited to one area, a repair may be enough. A free inspection is the fastest way to know which situation you’re in.
How much does an asphalt roof replacement cost in Duluth, MN?
A roof replacement can range from $10,000 to $20,000 depending on size and complexity of the roof. Any larger projects, upgrades to metal or specialty shingles can greatly increase this price.
Should I replace my roof before I sell my house?
It depends on the roof’s condition and how it shows up in an inspection. A roof with obvious wear can lower a buyer’s offer or stall a sale, while a roof with a few good years left may not need attention yet. A pre-listing inspection gives you a clear answer instead of a guess.
If my roof leaks, do I need a whole new roof?
Not necessarily. A leak is often isolated to a damaged section of flashing, a cracked vent boot, or a small area of missing shingles, all of which can be repaired without replacing the full roof. Whole-roof replacement usually comes into play when the leak is a symptom of widespread age or damage rather than one weak spot.
What are the benefits of repairing a roof instead of replacing it?
Repair costs less upfront and can extend the life of a roof that’s otherwise in decent shape. It’s the right call when damage is limited and the rest of the roof is sound. The tradeoff is that repair doesn’t reset the clock the way a full replacement does, so an aging roof may need more repairs down the road.
Is it possible to repair the roof without replacing it?
In most cases, yes. Repairs can address leaks, storm damage, and worn flashing without touching the rest of the roof. Replacement becomes the better option when damage is spread across the roof or when the roof has reached the end of its expected lifespan.
What is the best roofing material for Duluth and the Northland?
There’s no single “best” material, it depends on your budget, roof style, and how long you want it to last. Asphalt shingles are the most common choice and hold up well when installed correctly. Metal roofing costs more upfront but sheds snow easily and lasts longer. A local roofer can walk you through the tradeoffs for your specific home.
Metal or asphalt: which is better for roofs in Duluth, MN?
Both perform well here when installed by an experienced crew. Asphalt shingles are more affordable and widely used, while metal roofing handles heavy snow load and ice better and typically lasts longer. The right choice usually comes down to budget and how long you plan to stay in the home.
How long does metal roofing last?
Metal roofing is one of the best roofs for longevity, a good metal roof can last between 40-50 years or longer. The main factor here is a “quality metal roof”. Often exposed fastener metal roofs are sold as a permanent solution when in reality they require maintenance at least every 10 years on the fasteners. Without maintenance the roof would be at risk of widespread leaking at all screws.
How long do slate roofs last?
Slate roofs have a lifetime between 100-150 years as they are made out of stone which can take a beating from any weather. Maintenance and single tile replacement is a factor throughout the roof’s lifespan.
What are the pros and cons of slate roofing?
Slate is extremely durable and can outlast most other roofing materials by decades, and it has a distinct look that few other materials match. The tradeoffs are cost and weight: slate is one of the more expensive options, and not every home’s structure is built to support it without reinforcement.
How will I know if I need storm damage repair?
Look for missing or curled shingles, dented or dinged metal flashing, granules collecting in your gutters, or new leaks after a storm. Hail damage in particular can be hard to spot from the ground. If your area has had a recent hail or wind event, a free inspection is the safest way to check.
Does Empire Roofing help with insurance claims for storm damage?
Yes. Empire Roofing documents the damage during inspection and works directly with your insurance company to support your claim. This is a normal part of the storm damage repair process and doesn’t cost you anything extra to have us involved.
Can a roof cause structural damage if it’s not repaired?
Yes, over time. A leak that goes unaddressed can lead to rotted decking, damaged insulation, and in more serious cases, sagging or compromised framing. Catching damage early with an inspection is much less costly than repairing structural issues later.
What should I look for in a roofing company near me?
Look for a contractor with manufacturer certifications (like GAF Master Elite), a track record in your specific climate, and clear communication about the insurance process if you’re dealing with storm damage. Local, locally-owned companies also tend to be easier to reach for follow-up questions or warranty work.
How often should I have my roof inspected?
A yearly inspection is a good baseline, with an additional check after any major hail or windstorm. Regular inspections catch small issues, like a cracked vent boot or lifted shingle, before they turn into leaks or interior damage.
Will my existing roof need to be removed before installation?
In most cases, yes, especially if there’s already more than one layer of shingles or visible damage to the decking below. Removing the old roof lets the crew check the decking for rot and install underlayment properly instead of covering up a problem.
Can I put a new roof over my old one?
Sometimes, if local code allows it and there’s only one existing layer in good condition. That said, it skips the chance to inspect the decking underneath, which is where hidden problems usually show up. Most roofing professionals recommend a full tear-off for that reason, even when an overlay is technically allowed.
What are the most common roof problems homeowners run into?
The most frequent issues are leaks around flashing and vents, ice dams in winter, granule loss on aging shingles, and gutter backups that let water sit against the roofline. Most of these show up gradually, which is why routine inspections catch them before they become bigger repairs.
Will a new roof lower my energy bills?
It can, depending on the material and ventilation. Proper attic ventilation and reflective or well-insulated roofing materials help regulate indoor temperature, which can ease the load on your heating and cooling system. The effect is usually a modest improvement, not a dramatic drop, so it shouldn’t be the only reason to replace a roof that’s otherwise sound.
What are gutters and why do they matter for my roof?
Gutters channel water off the roof and away from your home’s foundation and siding. Without them working properly, water can pool at the roofline, contribute to ice dams, or seep into fascia and soffits. Clogged or damaged gutters are a common hidden cause of roof and siding problems.
Do you provide a written report after a roof inspection?
Yes. Empire Roofing provides a report after every inspection so you have a clear record of the roof’s condition, whether that’s for your own planning or for an insurance claim.
Roof Replacement & Lifespan
How long should a roof last in Duluth’s climate?
A new asphalt shingle roof should last between 25-35 years in this climate. Although most shingles carry a 50 year warranty the Duluth climate can cause extreme wear & tear to the roof due to vast temperature changes.
When do I need a new roof?
A few signs point to replacement rather than repair: shingles that are curling, cracking, or missing granules across large sections, daylight visible through the roof deck, or repeated leaks in different spots after storms. If the damage is limited to one area, a repair may be enough. A free inspection is the fastest way to know which situation you’re in.
How much does an asphalt roof replacement cost in Duluth, MN?
A roof replacement can range from $10,000 to $20,000 depending on size and complexity of the roof. Any larger projects, upgrades to metal or specialty shingles can greatly increase this price.
Should I replace my roof before I sell my house?
It depends on the roof’s condition and how it shows up in an inspection. A roof with obvious wear can lower a buyer’s offer or stall a sale, while a roof with a few good years left may not need attention yet. A pre-listing inspection gives you a clear answer instead of a guess.
Roof Repair vs. Replacement
If my roof leaks, do I need a whole new roof?
Not necessarily. A leak is often isolated to a damaged section of flashing, a cracked vent boot, or a small area of missing shingles, all of which can be repaired without replacing the full roof. Whole-roof replacement usually comes into play when the leak is a symptom of widespread age or damage rather than one weak spot.
What are the benefits of repairing a roof instead of replacing it?
Repair costs less upfront and can extend the life of a roof that’s otherwise in decent shape. It’s the right call when damage is limited and the rest of the roof is sound. The tradeoff is that repair doesn’t reset the clock the way a full replacement does, so an aging roof may need more repairs down the road.
Is it possible to repair the roof without replacing it?
In most cases, yes. Repairs can address leaks, storm damage, and worn flashing without touching the rest of the roof. Replacement becomes the better option when damage is spread across the roof or when the roof has reached the end of its expected lifespan.
Roofing Materials & Types
What is the best roofing material for Duluth and the Northland?
There’s no single “best” material, it depends on your budget, roof style, and how long you want it to last. Asphalt shingles are the most common choice and hold up well when installed correctly. Metal roofing costs more upfront but sheds snow easily and lasts longer. A local roofer can walk you through the tradeoffs for your specific home.
Metal or asphalt: which is better for roofs in Duluth, MN?
Both perform well here when installed by an experienced crew. Asphalt shingles are more affordable and widely used, while metal roofing handles heavy snow load and ice better and typically lasts longer. The right choice usually comes down to budget and how long you plan to stay in the home.
How long does metal roofing last?
Metal roofing is one of the best roofs for longevity, a good metal roof can last between 40-50 years or longer. The main factor here is a “quality metal roof”. Often exposed fastener metal roofs are sold as a permanent solution when in reality they require maintenance at least every 10 years on the fasteners. Without maintenance the roof would be at risk of widespread leaking at all screws.
How long do slate roofs last?
Slate roofs have a lifetime between 100-150 years as they are made out of stone which can take a beating from any weather. Maintenance and single tile replacement is a factor throughout the roof’s lifespan.
What are the pros and cons of slate roofing?
Slate is extremely durable and can outlast most other roofing materials by decades, and it has a distinct look that few other materials match. The tradeoffs are cost and weight: slate is one of the more expensive options, and not every home’s structure is built to support it without reinforcement.
Storm Damage & Insurance
How will I know if I need storm damage repair?
Look for missing or curled shingles, dented or dinged metal flashing, granules collecting in your gutters, or new leaks after a storm. Hail damage in particular can be hard to spot from the ground. If your area has had a recent hail or wind event, a free inspection is the safest way to check.
Does Empire Roofing help with insurance claims for storm damage?
Yes. Empire Roofing documents the damage during inspection and works directly with your insurance company to support your claim. This is a normal part of the storm damage repair process and doesn’t cost you anything extra to have us involved.
Can a roof cause structural damage if it’s not repaired?
Yes, over time. A leak that goes unaddressed can lead to rotted decking, damaged insulation, and in more serious cases, sagging or compromised framing. Catching damage early with an inspection is much less costly than repairing structural issues later.
Working With Empire Roofing
What should I look for in a roofing company near me?
Look for a contractor with manufacturer certifications (like GAF Master Elite), a track record in your specific climate, and clear communication about the insurance process if you’re dealing with storm damage. Local, locally-owned companies also tend to be easier to reach for follow-up questions or warranty work.
How often should I have my roof inspected?
A yearly inspection is a good baseline, with an additional check after any major hail or windstorm. Regular inspections catch small issues, like a cracked vent boot or lifted shingle, before they turn into leaks or interior damage.
Will my existing roof need to be removed before installation?
In most cases, yes, especially if there’s already more than one layer of shingles or visible damage to the decking below. Removing the old roof lets the crew check the decking for rot and install underlayment properly instead of covering up a problem.
Can I put a new roof over my old one?
Sometimes, if local code allows it and there’s only one existing layer in good condition. That said, it skips the chance to inspect the decking underneath, which is where hidden problems usually show up. Most roofing professionals recommend a full tear-off for that reason, even when an overlay is technically allowed.
Roofing Basics & Maintenance
What are the most common roof problems homeowners run into?
The most frequent issues are leaks around flashing and vents, ice dams in winter, granule loss on aging shingles, and gutter backups that let water sit against the roofline. Most of these show up gradually, which is why routine inspections catch them before they become bigger repairs.
Will a new roof lower my energy bills?
It can, depending on the material and ventilation. Proper attic ventilation and reflective or well-insulated roofing materials help regulate indoor temperature, which can ease the load on your heating and cooling system. The effect is usually a modest improvement, not a dramatic drop, so it shouldn’t be the only reason to replace a roof that’s otherwise sound.
What are gutters and why do they matter for my roof?
Gutters channel water off the roof and away from your home’s foundation and siding. Without them working properly, water can pool at the roofline, contribute to ice dams, or seep into fascia and soffits. Clogged or damaged gutters are a common hidden cause of roof and siding problems.
Do you provide a written report after a roof inspection?
Yes. Empire Roofing provides a report after every inspection so you have a clear record of the roof’s condition, whether that’s for your own planning or for an insurance claim.
Have a Roofing Question About Your Home?
Every roof is different. If you still have questions about repairs, replacement, storm damage or the condition of your roof, Empire Roofing can take a closer look and give you a clear answer.